LL2 not booting if one extended partition is formatted to FAT 32

[gold_finger]

You've got a strange situation going on there.  It makes no sense for it to be doing that.  Your partitions look good, so don't see a problem with them.  It appears that you followed steps correctly.  I'm a bit stumped -- have never seen or heard of this happening before.  At this point just going to have you repost output for commands that needed to be adjusted for the new partition layout you have now.  Your old layout needed them to be run on sdb2.  Your partitions changed with the new install.  Run commands again as shown below -- this time they are going to apply to the new root partition, sdb1.

linux@linux:~$ sudo mount /dev/sdb2 /mnt
mount: block device /dev/sdb2 is write-protected, mounting read-only
mount: you must specify the filesystem type

This was looking for the old root partition on sdb2.  Root is now on sdb1, so go ahead with new commands below.

Code:

sudo mount /dev/sdb1 /mnt
cat /mnt/etc/fstab
sudo umount /mnt

Post back with full output from those commands please.